The Effectiveness of a Collaborative Participatory Training Management Model to Improve the Digital Literacy Skills of Kindergarten Teachers

Main Article Content

Ditta Manullang
Aman Simaremare
Darwin

Abstract

The success of digital learning relatively improves learning performance; this is greatly influenced by kindergarten teachers who can utilize good teaching strategies for students and are willing to use digital learning. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of a collaborative participatory training management model to improve the digital literacy skills of kindergarten teachers. A prospective cross-sectional interventional study with baseline and re-survey was conducted to evaluate the effect of collaborative participatory-based training management model. Training and Education were conducted for 5 days, with 70 participants selected by simple random sampling. Competence was measured using a questionnaire and analyzed using an independent t-test using SPSS software. Statistical tests show that collaborative participatory -based training management model is efficacious in improving the competence of kindergarten teachers (p = 0.001). The management of e-learning-based training can assist in developing more targeted and quantifiable training goals. This model serves as an alternative approach to enhancing the competencies of kindergarten teachers. The Digital Literacy Training Management Model can improve the pedagogical Competence of kindergarten teachers and can be used as an alternative choice of training that is carried out online so that it dramatically helps kindergarten teachers improve their competence.

Article Details

How to Cite
Manullang, D., Simaremare, A., & Darwin. (2026). The Effectiveness of a Collaborative Participatory Training Management Model to Improve the Digital Literacy Skills of Kindergarten Teachers. Zhongguo Kuangye Daxue Xuebao, 31(1), 1-13. https://zkdx.ch/journal/zkdx/article/view/364
Section
Articles

How to Cite

Manullang, D., Simaremare, A., & Darwin. (2026). The Effectiveness of a Collaborative Participatory Training Management Model to Improve the Digital Literacy Skills of Kindergarten Teachers. Zhongguo Kuangye Daxue Xuebao, 31(1), 1-13. https://zkdx.ch/journal/zkdx/article/view/364

References

Alenezi, M. (2023) ‘Digital learning and digital institution in higher education’, Education Sciences, 13(1), p. 88. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13010088.

Aman, N.A. and Saragi, D. (2020) ‘The Influence of Children Playing Method and Self-Concept of Social Ability in Children Aged 5-6 Years in TK An-Nisa Medan’, in The 5th Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2020). Atlantis Press, pp. 9–15. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201124.003.

Armita, P., Hajazi, M.Z. and Zaitun, Z. (2024) ‘Methods of Memorizing the Qur’an for Early Childhood: Analysis of Direct Method, Affection, and Repetition as Parents’ Strategies’, AlBanna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 4(1), pp. 13–30. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24260/albanna.v4i1.1919.

Avalos, B. (2011) ‘Teacher professional development in teaching and teacher education over ten years’, Teaching and teacher education, 27(1), pp. 10–20. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.007.

Bergmann, J. and Sams, A. (2014) Flipped learning: Gateway to student engagement. International Society for Technology in Education.

Blanchard, P.N. and Thacker, J.W. (2023) Effective training: Systems, strategies, and practices. SAGE Publications.

Bulut, D., Samur, Y. and Cömert, Z. (2022) ‘The effect of educational game design process on students’ creativity’, Smart Learning Environments, 9(1), p. 8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-022-00188-9.

Celis-Morales, C.A. et al. (2012) ‘Objective vs. self-reported physical activity and sedentary time: effects of measurement method on relationships with risk biomarkers’, PloS one, 7(5), p. e36345. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036345.

Choi, J. and Kang, W. (2019) ‘Sustainability of cooperative professional development: Focused on teachers’ efficacy’, Sustainability, 11(3), p. 585. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030585.

Dewanto, W. et al. (2024) ‘The effect of digital literacy, innovative attitudes, and interpersonal communication on teacher performance’, IJORER: International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 5(2), pp. 477–489. Available at: https://doi.org/0.46245/ijorer.v5i2.583.

Diputra, K.S., Tristiantari, N.K.D. and Jayanta, I.N.L. (2020) ‘Gerakan literasi digital bagi guru-guru sekolah dasar’, JCES (Journal of Character Education Society), 3(1), pp. 118–128. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31764/jces.v3i1.1483.

Gagne, R.M. (1970) The conditions of learning. Holt, Rinehart and Winston,.

Galindo-Domínguez, H. and Bezanilla, M.J. (2021) ‘Digital competence in the training of pre-service teachers: Perceptions of students in the degrees of early childhood education and primary education’, Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 37(4), pp. 262–278. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/21532974.2021.1934757.

Gjelaj, M. et al. (2020) ‘Digital Technologies in Early Childhood: Attitudes and Practices of Parents and Teachers in Kosovo.’, International Journal of Instruction, 13(1), pp. 165–184. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13111a.

Goad, T.W. (1982) Delivering effective training. University Associates.

Hake, R.R. (1999) ‘Analyzing change/gain scores’.

Harmi, H. et al. (2022) ‘Analysis of multicultural understanding and moderation of religion of PAUD teachers in Bengkulu province’, Pegem Journal of education and instruction, 12(4), pp. 128–136. Available at: https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.12.04.13.

Hermawan, D., Darmawan, C. and Bestari, P. (2024) ‘Transforming Citizenship Education in the Digital Era: Challenges and Opportunities for the Indonesian Millennial Generation’, Unnes Political Science Journal, 8(1), pp. 39–43. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15294/upsj.v8i1.9256.

Hew, K.F. and Lo, C.K. (2018) ‘Flipped classroom improves student learning in health professions education: a meta-analysis’, BMC medical education, 18, pp. 1–12. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1144-z.

Hsin, C.-T., Li, M.-C. and Tsai, C.-C. (2014) ‘The influence of young children’s use of technology on their learning: A review’, Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 17(4), pp. 85–99.

Hussin, M.K.A. Bin and Hamdan, A.R. Bin (2016) ‘Effect of Knowledge, Readiness and Teaching Technique in Inclusive Practices Among Mainstream Teachers in Malaysia.’, International Journal of early childhood special education, 8(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.20489/intjecse.239573.

Hutagalung, B. and Purbani, W. (2021) ‘The ability of digital literacy for elementary school teachers’, JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 10(4), pp. 710–721. Available at: https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v10i4.32938.

Karakose, T., Polat, H. and Papadakis, S. (2021) ‘Examining teachers’ perspectives on school principals’ digital leadership roles and technology capabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic’, Sustainability, 13(23), p. 13448. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313448.

Kebudayaan, K.P.D. and INDONESIA, R. (2018) ‘Seni Budaya’. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.

Khahro, S.H. and Javed, Y. (2022) ‘Key challenges in 21st century learning: a way forward towards sustainable higher educational institutions’, Sustainability, 14(23), p. 16080. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su142316080.

Kim, T.K. and Park, J.H. (2019) ‘More about the basic assumptions of t-test: normality and sample size’, Korean journal of anesthesiology, 72(4), pp. 331–335. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.d.18.00292.

King, R. et al. (2021) ‘Factors that optimise the impact of continuing professional development in nursing: A rapid evidence review’, Nurse education today, 98, p. 104652. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104652.

Kirkpatrick, D.L. (1998) ‘The four levels of evaluation’, Evaluating corporate training: Models and issues, pp. 95–112.

Küsel, J., Martin, F. and Markic, S. (2020) ‘University students’ readiness for using digital media and online learning—Comparison between Germany and the USA’, Education sciences, 10(11), p. 313. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10110313.

Li, B., Yang, F. and Wang, Q. (2023) ‘Policies, strategies, and the evolutionary logic of large-scale teacher training in China’, ECNU Review of Education, 6(3), pp. 451–468. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/20965311231167195.

Li, Y. (2024) ‘Nurturing Tomorrow’s Minds: The Impact of Family Education on Holistic Child Development’, Communications in Humanities Research, 32, pp. 190–195. Available at: https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/32/20240074.

Lin, M.-H., Chen, H.-C. and Liu, K.-S. (2017) ‘A study of the effects of digital learning on learning motivation and learning outcome’, Eurasia journal of mathematics, science and technology education, 13(7), pp. 3553–3564. Available at: https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00744a.

Madsen, S.S. et al. (2023) ‘International perspectives on the dynamics of pre-service early childhood teachers’ digital competences’, Education Sciences, 13(7), p. 633. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070633.

Manfei, X.U. et al. (2017) ‘The differences and similarities between two-sample t-test and paired t-test’, Shanghai archives of psychiatry, 29(3), p. 184. Available at: https://doi.org/10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.217070.

Marnita, M., Nurdin, D. and Prihatin, E. (2023) ‘The effectiveness of elementary teacher digital literacy competence on teacher learning management’, Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 4(1), pp. 35–43. Available at: https://doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v4i1.444.

Mattar, J., Santos, C.C. and Cuque, L.M. (2022) ‘Analysis and comparison of international digital competence frameworks for education’, Education Sciences, 12(12), p. 932. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12120932.

McClelland, D.C. (1998) ‘Identifying competencies with behavioral-event interviews’, Psychological science, 9(5), pp. 331–339.

Muharmi, T. (2022) ‘Constraints of Virtually Using Digital-Based Learning Media for Early Childhood Education Teachers’, International Journal Reglement & Society (IJRS), 3(2), pp. 154–158. Available at: https://doi.org/10.55357/ijrs.v3i2.233.

Nadler, L. (1982) ‘Designing Training Programs The Critical Model’. Philipina: Addison-Wesley Publihing Company.

Novella-García, C. and Cloquell-Lozano, A. (2021) ‘The ethical dimension of digital competence in teacher training’, Education and Information Technologies, 26(3), pp. 3529–3541. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10436-z.

Nurhayati, S. et al. (2024) ‘Analysis of the implementation of training on digital-based learning media to enhance teachers’ digital literacy’, AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(1), pp. 545–557. Available at: https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i1.4029.

Permendikbud, R.I. (2014) ‘Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 137 Tahun 2014 Tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini’, Jakarta: Mendiknas, 72.

Pratolo, B.W. and Solikhati, H.A. (2021) ‘Investigating teachers’ attitude toward digital literacy in EFL classroom’, Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 15(1), pp. 97–103. Available at: https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v15i1.15747.

Pratomo, R.Y. and Shofwan, I. (2022) ‘Implementation of education and training program evaluation’, Edukasi, 16(2), pp. 63–77. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15294/edukasi.v16i2.39863.

Rahmatullah, B. et al. (2021) ‘Overview of early childhood care and education in Malaysia’, Hungarian Educational Research Journal, 11(4), pp. 396–412. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1556/063.2021.00074.

Redecker, C. and Punie, Y. (2017) ‘Digital competence of educators’, Edited by Yves Punie [Preprint].

Romero-Tena, R. et al. (2020) ‘The challenge of initial training for early childhood teachers. A cross sectional study of their digital competences’, Sustainability, 12(11), p. 4782. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114782.

Rotellar, C. and Cain, J. (2016) ‘Research, perspectives, and recommendations on implementing the flipped classroom’, American journal of pharmaceutical education, 80(2), p. 34. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe80234.

Sanusi, I.T., Oyelere, S.S. and Omidiora, J.O. (2022) ‘Exploring teachers’ preconceptions of teaching machine learning in high school: A preliminary insight from Africa’, Computers and Education Open, 3, p. 100072. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2021.100072.

Spencer, L.M. and Spencer, P.S.M. (2008) Competence at Work models for superior performance. John Wiley & Sons.

Stewart, C.P. et al. (2013) ‘Contextualising complementary feeding in a broader framework for stunting prevention’, Maternal & child nutrition, 9, pp. 27–45. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12088.

Sudarti, S. et al. (2022) ‘Effectiveness of digital literacy training to improve early childhood education teacher’s competence’, European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 11(3), p. pp-553.

Temirkhanova, M., Abildinova, G. and Karaca, C. (2024) ‘Enhancing digital literacy skills among teachers for effective integration of computer science and design education: a case study at Astana International School, Kazakhstan’, in Frontiers in Education. Frontiers Media SA, p. 1408512. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1408512.

Valverde-Berrocoso, J. et al. (2021) ‘The educational integration of digital technologies preCovid-19: Lessons for teacher education’, PloS one, 16(8), p. e0256283. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256283.

Wiwin, D. and Widiati, U. (2022) ‘Digital Media and Its Implication in Promoting Students’ Autonomous Learning.’, Journal of English Teaching, 8(1), pp. 97–106. Available at: https://doi.org/10.33541/jet.v8i1.3284.

Xiong, Z., Liu, Q. and Huang, X. (2022) ‘The influence of digital educational games on preschool Children’s creative thinking’, Computers & Education, 189, p. 104578. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104578.

Záhorec, J., Hašková, A. and Munk, M. (2019) ‘Teachers’ Professional Digital Literacy Skills and Their Upgrade.’, European Journal of Contemporary Education, 8(2), pp. 378–393. Available at: https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2019.2.378.

Zhang, J. (2023) ‘EFL teachers’ digital literacy: the role of contextual factors in their literacy development’, Frontiers in psychology, 14, p. 1153339. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1153339.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.