Removal of Chemical and Biological Contaminates From the Industrial Zone in Menoufia North Egypt Using a Modified Sponge Reactor

Abstract

Although water constitutes about 71% of the earth, only 1.2% is allowed to us as drinking water and agriculture, while the bulk portion of the earth's water is saline ocean water. Due to the unjustified human interference with the environment, the major portion of water available for drinking and agriculture is now rapidly getting polluted. Adverse impact of water pollution causes multiple life threatening diseases as diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, dysentery and polio.  Conventional technologies like physiochemical and biological methods have developed to treat the contaminated water, however, treatment method which maximum efficiency in removal all kinds of pollutants in still for being realized. Novel water treatment technology using a Hanging Sponge Reactor has developed. Study has focus on modeling and experiment measurement under laboratory and field conditions. The heavy metal ions present in industrial wastewater were copper(II), nickel(II), cadmium(II), Cobalt(II), zinc(II), ferric(III), lead(II) and chromium(III). Firstly,  the laboratory study was held at 27ºC using above metal ions at different concentration ratios of the ligand (L) and metal salts(M) as [2L: 1M] and [2L: 5M]. The results revealed that, the efficiency of heavy metals and bacterial removal were enhanced by increasing concentration of the organic ligand to the metal salts .At [2 L:1M] molar ratio at 27º C, the removal efficiency of heavy metals were in the range of [10% - 22%] after 30 min and it was elevated to [13% - 46%] after 60 min, while at 27 ºC and(2L:5M) molar ratio .the removal efficiency elevated to (6.57%-33%) after 30 min and to (15%-70%) at 60 min. using a Hanging Sponge Reactor without organic ligand the result showed , the removal of chemical, biological parameters and also heavy metal increased with time. Also, using Hanging Sponge Reactor the result showed that. In presence 2.0 mg/L for one hour, the COD decreased 73.95%, TSS decreased 96.6%, BOD decreased 65.1% at 27^oC, TS decreased 89.54%, TN decreased 71.43, TB decreased 54.43%, DO decreased 43.33%, VSS decreased 66.52% and TKN decreased 69.4% and the heavy metals decreased (75.0%-94.29%) range. However, using 2.0 mg/L for three hours, the results showed COD decreased 78.6%, TSS decreased 97.1%, BOD decreased 68.5%, at 27^oC, TS decreased 92.0%, TN decreased 77.14, TB decreased 58.23%, DO decreased 56.7%, VSS decreased 70.9% and TKN decreased 75.31%, respectively and at one hour the heavy metals decreased (80.95%-95.99%) range and fecal coliforms decreased in both cases decreased (99.9%). In the case of using 4.0 mg /L for three hours the result showed COD decreased 86.84%, TSS decreased 97.35%, BOD decreased 76.8% at 27^oC, TS decreased 95.7%, TN decreased 85.14, TP decreased 73.42%, DO decreased 73.3%, VSS decreased 82.8% and TKN decreased 86.6% and the heavy metal decreased (84.64-98.1%) range, and for fecal coliforms decreased in both cases (99.9 %).